为玩具创造循环经济亚博足球分析

Toys are prime examples of items that are designed to ‘spark joy’ but often end up as waste when a child’s play interests change. The value of the global toy market exceeded USD 90 billion in 2019 but with80% of all toys ending up in landfill, incinerators, or the ocean玩具被扔掉时，这个值很大。在法国单独，超过40 million toys end upas waste each year, and in the UK almost父母中的三分之一被录取以良好的工作秩序扔掉玩具because their children have finished playing with them.

With waste and pollution causing damage to the environment and to our health, and valuable materials being lost from the economy, many toymakers are rethinking the future of their business. This involves redesigning not only how toys are made and played with, but also toy ownership. Together, these are critical steps towards a circular economy.

重用和分享

For the countless toys that already exist, reuse and sharing models are pivotal to prevent them from becoming waste. This is one of the motivations behind the LEGO® Replay initiative, which encourages owners to donate their used bricks to children’s charities. The initiative is currently being piloted in the US and is one of the business’s first steps towards a circular economy.

根据乐高集团的说法，它的97％的砖块已经保留或由业主分享，许多人传递给世代的朋友或家庭。但该公司旨在增加这一百分比。环境责任副总裁蒂姆布鲁克斯解释说：“我们担心帮助为后代建立一个更好的星球，我们知道是循环经济的一部分是该旅程的一部分。亚博足球分析乐高重播希望激励乐高砖的所有者沿着他们没有使用的砖块传递。“

Similar motivations have seen a number of start-up businesses exploring reuse and sharing models for toys. In California, US, Toy-Cycle has established a recommerce platform and consignment system that enables outgrown toys to be shipped directly to the company to be sorted and resold. Likewise, French associationRejoué自2012年以来，还收集，清洁，修理和转售了二手玩具，从垃圾填埋场省略了300吨玩具。

除了重复使用的模型，玩具订阅服务正在崭露头角，以使更多人使用玩具。总部位于香港的快乐巴登提供了一项订阅服务，家庭通过哪些家庭收到每月玩具箱。可以选择为适当的年龄的框选择玩具，并符合孩子的开发需求，并且可以添加较大的玩具，如滑板车和三轮车。该平台还提供额外玩具的接送服务，这些玩具不再需要或想要，作为扩展其使用的方式。

在英国，提供类似的服务旋转。作为订阅的返回，威尔的用户会收到令牌以换取他们想要的玩具。玩具在需要时发货，只要需要或通缉，可以保持。当一个孩子与玩具一起玩时，它可以被送回旋转以换取更多的玩具令牌。惠而业成立于2019年收到了720,000英镑investment, highlighting the business interest in such toy subscription models.

For reuse and sharing to be most effective, toys need to be repairable when they become damaged.所有玩具的90％目前由塑料制成，这可以是一种高耐用的材料，但通常是脆弱的，破碎的玩具是第一个被扔掉的玩具。考虑到这一点，3D印刷技术制造商Dagomahas established玩具救援, providing spare parts for toys that are broken. Dagoma has created a library of 3D-printable files of commonly lost or broken parts from the most popular toys of the last 40 years. It includes dolls arms, dinosaur tails, car wheels, and countless other parts that can be printed with a filament appropriate for the original toy. Files can also be requested for parts that aren’t currently available in the library.

Design matters

While these solutions help keep toys that already exist in use, the long-term success of circular business models relies on new toys being designed and made for a circular economy. How durable a toy is designed to be, for example, can extend the time it is played with, and durability has as much to do with how desirable a toy is over time as its physical attributes.

近年来，神秘 - 或盲箱 - 玩具已经占据了玩具市场，臭名昭着LOL玩具范围由MGA娱乐，预计2020年的业务为5亿美元。The element of surprise might ‘spark joy’ but these toys are not designed to be desirable or physically durable for a long time, and the sector has been突出显示它的塑料废物。

As a result, MGA Entertainment isexploring new material alternatives and has teamed up with recycling company Terracycle, aiming to ensure both its toys and packaging are recycled。Other businesses are exploring the mystery toy idea with the aim to design out plastic waste in the first place. This includes UK-based businessesEco-TotsandBaba Me, which each provide mystery toy boxes filled with wooden toys.

As the element of surprise is fleeting, making toys that stimulate imagination is pivotal to maintain desirability. For example, Montessori toys — based on the work of Italian physician Maria Montessori and focused on childhood development — are designed to encourage children to experiment. Likewise, LEGO bricks are designed so that all elements fit together and can be used in multiple ways to create an endless array of brightly coloured structures. This means that bricks bought years ago will fit perfectly with bricks bought in the future, helping to secure a long use period and enabling them to be shared over and over.

Other toy-makers are following suit. In China, toy manufacturerBamloff.has created modular wooden robots — WooBots — that can be configured in many different ways to allow a child to build their own toy. Similarly, Copenhagen-basedModutoy已经开发出由可回收塑料制成的模块化玩具块，旨在创造一个玩具体验，“满足创造的需要，富有想象力，并敦促孩子们用他们的整个身体积极地玩耍”。

在所有情况下，材料选择和产品建设也提供了通知耐用性，以及在不再与之播放时划分玩具会发生的事情。对于制作新玩具的企业，思考进入这些玩具的材料对于消除浪费和污染至关重要。

New LEGO bricks are currently made from virgin ABS plastic, however the company has set itself the target of making all of its pieces from renewable or recycled materials by 2030. In 2018, it started making a range of elements from sugarcane-derived polyethylene, a soft, durable, and flexible plastic. Sugarcane is fast-growing, doesn’t compromise food security, and is sourced using guidance from WWF. More than 80 LEGO elements are already made from sugarcane-based polyethylene, and although they represent just 2% of the 3,600 elements available, it is an important step towards a circular economy for the business. Brooks explains: “For the LEGO Group, a sustainable material must be produced responsibly using renewable or recycled resources, generating little or no waste in their production and using sustainable chemistry while meeting our high standards for safety, quality and durability — speaking specifically to the circular economy principle of ‘keeping products and materials in use’.”

Other manufacturers are also working towards making their toysfrom only recycled and renewable materials。这包括加利福尼亚州的基础Green Toys, which makes all of its toys from post-consumer recycled plastic — like milk bottles and yogurt containers — or renewable sources, such as organic cotton. The company also uses packaging made from 100% recyclable cardboard, stating that ‘each Green Toys box that gets recycled saves one gallon of water’. Consumer demand for toys made from recycled materials has been made clear by Green Toys’ success. Launched in 2007, Green Toys averaged70% annual growth for its first two years, with annual sales just under USD 5 million, and now has a每年1200万美元的收入。

在英国，启动Junko有替代解决家庭垃圾的解决方案。它提供套件，使儿童能够将垃圾状物，瓶子和纸箱变成自制玩具。套件部件包括使用3D打印机产生的回收塑料制成的轮子，框架和固定。它们可以重复用作单用粘带或胶水的替代品，这也可能阻碍了当时间到来时的废物物品的回收过程。

这些努力对于防止可用材料在垃圾填埋场或环境中进行了重要意义。它们在一起，它们是朝向循环经济的关键步骤，其中玩具更多，并且由再生或可再生材料亚博足球分析再次进行。