Overcoming design challenges to make your business circular
从抱负式桨板业务的学习
行业如何将垃圾转化为资源
经过Rémyle moigne. 在August 16, 2021
企业因未能捕获工业废物的价值而造成巨大损失,但应用新技术的循环经济战略,可以创造节省成本的机会以及有利可图的新收入流。亚博足球分析
住宅建筑物产生的废物似乎巨大,但工厂生产的废物更多。在欧洲,工厂生产46 million tonnesmore waste than households every year. Yet, surprisingly, unlike households, they are not as incentivised to reduce and retrieve waste. European Union waste legislation, for instance, contains targets that focus mostly on household waste whilst industrial waste landfilling is still often cheaper than incineration or recycling. In France, for example,再循环的平均成本, excluding taxes, is EUR 144 per tonne compared to EUR 105 for incineration and EUR 68 for landfilling.
许多公司认为他们的工业废物管理受到控制,因为他们已经与废物管理公司合同,或者,他们已经开展了精益制造过程以提高效率。但在大多数情况下,企业未能以大量的浪费检索浪费。即使它们有效地管理标准废物流动,如塑料或纸板,它们也俯瞰其它人,例如废水,花费化学品或使用过的设备。这些公司认为废物的材料通常包含可以重新填写的值。例如,大多数啤酒厂销售花谷物作为低价值动物饲料,而这些谷物含有高价值组分,例如蛋白质,多糖和纤维作为营养和药理学成分重复使用。此外,声称为垃圾填埋场获得零浪费的工厂经常焚烧他们的大部分浪费。
Overlooking industrial waste comes at a cost. In the UK, the actual cost of waste for companies is typically营业额的4%至5%,可以高达10%。The true cost of waste is not simply the cost of discarded materials, it encompasses inefficient use of raw materials, unnecessary use of energy and water, faulty products, disposal of by-products, waste treatment and wasted labour. Cost of waste is not only high — it is increasing, especially in Europe. In Austria, the landfill tax for industrial waste increased from EUR 3 to 87 per tonne between 1996 and 2014. In France, the General Tax on Polluting Activities is expected to increase from EUR 32 to 65 per tonne for landfill by 2025. In the United Kingdom, the landfill tax has already reached EUR 101 per tonne. For environmental and economic reasons, businesses cannot overlook industrial waste anymore. They need to implement circular economy strategies in order to design out waste and keep materials in use.
工厂应该首先通过采用新的生产过程或改善现有的现有流程来设计废物。例如,通过用使用激光器的切割技术更换模具切割,耐克打算最大限度地减少切割部件之间的差距,并在最后减少工厂浪费每年1000吨。12年来,米其林成功减少了轮胎制造过程中产生的废物量by around 27%。Gap, in partnership with Spanish denim mill Tejidos Royo, is implementing a denim dyeing technique that can reduce water and chemical consumption by up to99%和89%与传统过程相比分别。
Factories can also switch from buying materials to buying services. For example, automotive, aerospace, and microelectronic industries often purchase chemical management services. These services can encompass all aspects of the chemical management lifecycle, from procurement to end of life management — reducing costs, risks and environmental impacts. The providers of such services, includingPPG,Henkelor Quaker Chemicals, are compensated based on the quality and quantity of services provided — not on the volume of chemical sold. This model reduces not only waste, but also chemical use and emissions. In addition, it provides a substantial cost saving — a total averagecost reduction of 30%is usually achieved in the first five years.
当浪费无法避免时,它通常可以被视为可以在其他工业过程中重复使用的宝贵资源。例如,DENSO,汽车设备供应商,每年生产15吨氟化钾,危险废物。通过将这种废物作为原材料供应到Mil-ver金属,它使用它来生产铝合金锭,Denso避免支付每年30,000英镑to dispose of it.
农业工业,特别是拥有一个主要和经常受损的机会,将工业有机废物转化为高价值的专业产品。在德国,Danone将乳清,奶酪生产的副产品转化为乳糖进行药物用途。在曼彻斯特,Kellogg的谷物工厂与英国啤酒厂合作了七个Bro7鞋,使用了corn flakes that do not pass quality control to make beer。
直到最近,匹配资源需求的废物供应往往是挑战性和昂贵的。但新的数字平台,利用开放数据,大数据和机器学习技术,使匹配更容易。
Finally, if it cannot be reused, industrial waste can often be recycled, either on-site, if volumes are sufficient, or off-site. In Ijmuiden, the Netherlands,a Tata Steel plantuses two large on-site hydrochloric acid recovery plants that turn waste hydrochloric acid pickle liquor into ready-to-reuse hydrochloric acid and ferric-oxide. To supply LafargeHolcim cement plants around the world, Geocycle collects waste to recycle mineral content. These materials are used in substitution to virgin materials such as limestone, clay or iron, for clinker production.
通过使用新技术和流程,越来越多的工业废物正在回收。例如,如今,航空航天,汽车,电路板和金属精加工部门产生了大量轴承废物,而不会从废物流中恢复有价值的材料。但通过组合技术,电凝固,物料消化和电瓦宁,欧洲项目开发了一种可以的回收系统recover metal from primarily waste sludge,这有助于提高这些部门的回收率。在意大利,Italtecno设计技术回收用于铝挤出工业的模具酸洗工艺中使用的花烧碱。
Water is a scarce resource and19%的全球提款来自行业。然而,大多数行业仍然几乎没有回收或重复使用它。然而,高效的过滤技术,如纳滤或反渗透,可以将废水转化为清洁水,化学品和能量。水循环不仅减少了水需求和废水排放,而且还可以恢复有价值的材料。由欧盟资助的项目,AFTERLIFE,正在开发创新技术,将过滤并从废水中提取有价值的元素并将其转化为生物塑料和食品添加剂,以及净化水。意大利Setimo的L'Oréal工厂一直通过EVAPO集中治疗其废水。该方法涉及加热流出物,以便回收水,然后可以进行处理和再循环,浓缩物。它uses the heat source already available from the compressorsand, as a result, doesn’t require any additional energy.
In order for businesses to move to a system where they capture the value in their industrial waste, they should first assess the total cost and potential value of their waste. In a recent survey, 90% of responding French companiesdidn’t know the total cost of their waste management。
As a second step, companies should set up a dedicated team in charge of identifying strategies to better capture the value of their industrial waste. The team could gather people from various functions: purchasing and waste management, but also R&D and sales. In Brazil,SC Johnson set up a dedicated “Green Team”that examined the production chain, streamlined packaging and identified materials that could be reused or recycled in environmentally responsible ways.
在第三步,企业应该在跨地网站和垃圾流中推出举措。P&G已形成全球资产恢复购买(GARP)团队,负责帮助工业地点为其浪费寻找新用途。例如,该程序允许尿布生产废物被重用到卫生垫中。护发,洗涤剂和牙膏废物用于生产汽车清洁产品。由于该计划于2008年开始,Garp帮助节省了P&GUSD 2 billion and helped divert 4.5 million tonnes of waste from landfill。
工业公司非常善于不断提高生产力,但它们仍处于管理浪费方面仍未表现不佳。个人在减少,重用和回收垃圾时越来越好 - 应该是工厂。
The Ellen MacArthur Foundation works to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. We develop and promote the idea of a circular economy, and work with business, academia, policymakers, and institutions to mobilise systems solutions at scale, globally.
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